Incidence and Prognosis of Breast cancer in Young females of Islamabad

Breast cancer is very common cancer among women worldwide. In breast cancer, malignant cancer cells grow within breast tissues and later metastasis take place to other parts of the body.

It is estimated that more than 1.7 million new cases of breast cancer occurred among women worldwide. The disease occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get it, too. For men the life time risk of getting breast cancer is 1 in 1000. Therefore, to control its prevalence and early detection monthly breast examination is required.

There are certain tests that helps in breast cancer diagnosis, which includes:

• Biopsy
• Breast ultrasound
• MRI
• Mammogram

Research

A cross sectional study on Breast cancer is carried out in the medical center of Oil and Gas Development Company Islamabad. The purpose of this study is to find out the incidence of breast cancer in different age groups of females and its response to the available treatment in Pakistan. The period of study was from July 2017 to June 2018.

Total numbers of 210 females screened were between the ages of 25-65 years; with different complaints related to their breast. 29 females (14%) were found having breast cancer. 10 patients were with stage 4. Five of them were between the ages of 30-40 years, one was 28 years and four patients were between the ages of 41-65 years. Stage 3 patients were 5 (17.2%), two (40%) were between the ages of 30-40 years and three patients (60%) were between the ages of 41- 65 years. However, stage 2 patients were 13 (44.8%). Among the 13 stage 2 patients seven (54%) were between the ages of 30-40 years and six (46%) were between the ages of 41-65 years.

Our research on Breast Cancer has concluded that there are many causative factors that are being associated with its occurrence especially in young women, but variation do occur therefore we cannot rely on these factors alone. However these factors may predict the chances of occurring breast cancer to some extent. The most frequent and major factors include age, family history, socio-economic status, BMI, age of menarche, contraceptive pills alcohol consumption, night shift working, smoking, HRT, and use of medicines are considered as risk factors. The factors that are protective against breast cancer are successful and full term pregnancies at younger age, breast feeding, healthy eating habits, regular exercise and physical activities, and a happy life style may reduce the risk of breast cancer.

“Research by Dr. Nasira Tajamal”